I. INTRODUCTION:

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) of spatially scattered autonomous sensor to monitor physiological parameter like temperature, heart beat and oxygen level etc. In which we are used the wearable sensor to implant on the patient body to detect the parameter. A LCD is provided with the kit that is used to inform the nurse about the patient health status. The information is then send to the Zigbee transreceiver, It is more efficient transreceiver because of it’s low power consumption and extremely small in size.

PC interface with microcontroller to display the information of patient and we used the burglar alarm as alert signal to Doctor or nurse. With the help of Zigbee transreceiver a SMS send to specified Doctors through GSM connection. As soon as information is got through SMS, the Doctors can be able to attend the patient very quickly. Science the monitoring is done automatically hence there is a no need for any person to monitor patient through the wireless sensor. Whether it is an ECG, Temperature, Respiratory or other vital signs all those parameter are effectively transferred to a remote center through which accurate decision can take. All the data regarding patient health status can be view either on the Doctor’s PC or patient PC.

If any critical condition is occurred, at that time zigbee transreceiver is working. It transmit the signal to the receiver end which is a electronic gazette through zigbee transmitter. Which view the patient health status.

The main processes involved in this type of control system are to monitor the patient’s health status. Zigbee is a wireless connection network that is used to connect different devices at a frequency of 2.4GHz. For medical applications Zigbee is mostly used. The Zigbee can communicate with the devices of about 1km. The other network is GSM network. It can communicate all over the globe. The communication is possible by using base station support. This can get communicated to any part of the globe which the network of the base station is applicable.

II. KEY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES:

The three main building block of wearable sensor for patients remote monitoring system are:

1)The data collection sensor to collect the physiological data of patient, 2)The communication hardware and software to transfer data to located remote center, and 3)The analysis technique to extract clinically-relevant data from physiological and movement of a data which transfer from one node to another node. Recently in advance in sensor technology, microelectronics, telecommunication, and data analysis techniques are allow the development and deployment of wearable sensor for patient’s remote monitoring.

Researches have relied upon advance in the above mention field to address shortcoming of medical technologies. Key role in the development of wearable system is to produce the advance technology in the field of medical.

III. IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY:

a) Interfacing with Hardware:

The core of the system is the user called the patient. Werable sensor are attach to the patient body to monitor changes in patient health status. Medical sensor typically consist of five main component: Sensor, Microcontroller, memory, Radio Transreceiver power supply.

Fig 1. Interfacing with Hardware

Sensor nodes can sense and process one or more physiological signals for example, an electrocardiography (EKG) sensor can be used for monitoring heart activity, Temperature sensor can be used for measuring temperature, a breathing sensor for monitoring respiration.

This sensor has processing and communication capabilities than other sensor zigbee is used as a transreceiver which have, A short range, low power comsumption, and low cast technology, in which realiable data transfer. There for, zigbee is used to transmit physiological signals from patient server.

We are using a microcontroller to interface with various hardware like LCD, Transreceiver, Analog to Digital convertor and storage devices.

b) Data Acquisition:

The personal server interfaces the WBAN nodes through a communication protocol using zigbee. It collects physiological signals from WBAN, processes them and transmission of critical data when there is a often clinical change in the patient situation and data contain for example change in cardiovascular signals, Temperature, Respiration and forward it to the medical server.

This is related with storing of data. Data will be temperature, heart bit, and respiratory data of patient. Stored data will be display by LCD screen, PC. Sensor will help to stored and forward the data to the next nearest node.

Fig 2.Data acquisition of health status

Data acquistion is done through three parameter which is as follows:

· Heart Beat Sensor

· Temperature Sensor

· Respiratory Sensor

Discussion about each parameter in brief which is as follow

· Heart Beat Sensor:

The heart beat is monitored with pulse rate of body.The high intensive photo diode senses pulses of human body as the pump out and pump in done in heart .For eg. When we put our finger tip on glow LED at that time we see red color of our blood at finger tip which exactly mean that rays are pass through our blood. i.e. In our module we are using IR to emit the rays and photo diode to get the pulses in terms of input it indicated as digital value .We set a threshold value for comparison with current value of patient heart beat and if it crosses the threshold value we set a goal to send a message to the doctor’s mobile which is stored in database of our system. It shows the message such that” Manish Bed no.01 has heart beat value100.”. The message is not only send to the one doctor but it send to the many doctor’s at a time but one by one.All the gathered data is transmit towards the microcontroller to forward to the next display system and stored the data of patient.

Fig. Heart beat sensor

· Temperature Sensor:

Temperature sensor is a DS1621 IC which used in thermistor also. It monitors the temperature of human body. Normal range of temperature is start with 35⁰c.Which can be change person to person. It also forwarded to the doctor’s mobile.

Fig. Temperature sensor

· Respiratory Sensor:

Respiratory sensor is work at the very critical condition of patient i.e. if any critical condition is happened message forwarded to the doctor as specified in database.

Fig. Respiratory sensor

c) Transformation of data:

Transformation of data is done through zigbee transreceiver it is situated at both sender and receiver side it is very efficient, because it is capable of sending data at very high rate. We are sending the data to the doctor’s or nurse gazzete through the zigbee transreceiver which is carried out by them in hospital. The complete hardware is integrated with zigbee transreceiver to transform the data.Zigbee module is work very efficiently which increase the life of patient and quality of patient.

CCU box act as centre control unit, which control the all monitoring system. if any parameter change then this box indicate the failure message to the server side. All the data is fetch from CCU box send to the display by converting it into RS232 logic.

GSM modem is used to interactive with microcontroller with the doctor’s mobile phone. It is used for long distance transformation of data. GSM technology is a very reliable, effective and efficient technology. Gsm is work work on AT command.GSM modem is work exactly as mobile phone. Mobile no. of authorized doctor is save in databse.

The main rule of data transformation is done by GSM modem.

Fig.3 Transformation of Data

IV. SYSTEM MODULE AND ASSUMPTION:

The implementation of the system has been described using block diagram and flow chart as follow.

Fig 4. Block Diagram

Algorithm:

· Different sensor is connected to patient’s body at appropriate positions to collect real time data about his health.

· These data are then compared to standard threshold value to check is the patient is in normal condition or not.

· Continuous monitoring of health parameter of the patients is being achieved by wireless transmission of sensor output through Zigbee technology.

· In case of any emergency condition, an alarm is also send to the Doctor’s mobile in the form of SMS alert, through GSM modem describing that immediate visit is required by the Doctor.

V. APPLICATION:

Healthcare Applications

Some of the health applications of sensor networks involve providing interfaces for the disabled, integrated patient monitoring, diagnostics, drug administration in hospitals, telemonitoring of human physiological data, and tracking and monitoring doctors and/or patients inside a hospital. We will briefly explore some capabilities of WSN for healthcare monitoring as we focus in this paper on wearable and implantable body area networks.

· Telemonitoring of Human Physiological Data: The physiological data collected by sensor networks may be stored for a long period of time, and can be used for medical investigations when needed. In addition, the installed sensors can also monitor and detect the behavior of elderly people. As an example, a health smart home was designed by the Faculty of Medicine in Grenoble-France to check the feasibility of such systems.

· Tracking and Monitoring Doctors and Patients inside a Hospital: Each patient has a small sensor node attached to them. Sensors vary based on their functions and each sensor node has its own specific task to perform. For example, one sensor node may be detecting the heart rate while another is detecting the blood pressure. Doctors can also carry a sensor node, which allows other doctors to locate them within the hospital.

· Drug Administration in Hospitals: If sensor nodes can be attached to medication, the chance of getting and prescribing the wrong medication to patients can be minimized. Thus, patients will have sensor nodes that identify their allergies and required medication. Computerized systems as described in have shown that they can help minimize the side effect of drugs.

· Zigbee technology enables doctor to monitor the patients conditions even seating in his room : zigbee sensors are able to catch the data from the human body sensors and again send this signals to the microcontroller. The configured GSM module is connected to the microcontroller, this module isresponsible for transformation of data on doctors mobile.

VI. CONCLUSION:

The paper is discussion about health monitoring system which done on hospital premises. The system consist of sensor at patient side which collect the health reading of a patient health status. Sensor collect the data and forwarded to the zigbee at gazette which is having zigbee receiver which is handled by nurse in hospital. We presented the design and implementation of a Health Monitoring system based on wireless technology using a cellular phone, to send an SMS (Short Message Service) to the Doctors. The proposed system combines two commonly used technologies namely, Global System for Mobile (GSM) and Zigbee technology.

Fig 5. System experimental setup

This is the complete hardware kit which includes the interfacing of hardware. The hardware will be heart beat sensor, temperature sensor, respiratory sensor. This all sensors are connected to the AT mega 16 microcontroller, Which is 8 bit microcontroller and low power consumption. The AT mega 16 microcontroller is again connected to the GSM module. In this we are using step down transformer to down the 230v normal ac current to get the required voltage we are using filter to get the pure dc voltage. Xbee required 3.3v current and GSM required 12v.It create the value in TTL logic which is converted into the RS232 logic through MAX232 IC. GSM is handled through AT command. Xbee is allocated at sender and receiver side to transfer the data.

Fig 6. status table

Status table shows the status of patient. The status will be temperature, heart beat and respiratory. The status of heartbeat appears in the waveforms and values as well. The respiratory and temperature status in the form of number. This status table includes the patient name, bed number and mobile no. of Doctor. Connect modem is to connect with gsm modem to forward the data to the doctor if any critical condition is occur. Doctor no. is stored in database. Message is forwarded to the selected no. only It may be more than 1.

It is an easy, practical, inexpensive and very effective way for transmitting vital information to the healthcare staff and healthcare providers. The system monitors patient's health status, such as respiratory, heart rate, and temperature. In case, the value for any of these parameters exceeds. Then the message goes to the Doctor by using GSM modem and through the LCD display to shows the values of parameters

All the information obtained from the human body from sensors and ECG filter circuit is then transmitted to the microcontroller system as digital values. The values obtained from like respiratory, heart rate and temperature sensor is also displayed on to the attached LCD in alphanumerical form. In the conclusion we consider how this system can be further enhance in future, may be by adding new type of different sensors as well as using new approaches for the security and triggering alarm.

VI. REFERENCES:

1. Lin, J.-L., et al. The Development of Wireless Sensor Network for ECG Monitoring. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. New York, NY, USA.2006

2. Chris Otto, Alexander Milenkovic, Corey Sander, EMIL JOVANOV University of Alabama in Huntsville, system architecture of a wireless body area sensor network for ubiqitous health monitoring area Journal of Mobile Multimedia, Vol. 1, No.4 (2006) 307-326,

3. Lee, D.-S., Lee, Y.-D., Chung, W.-Y. & Myllyla, R.(2007) Vital Sign Monitoring System with Life Emergency Event Detection Using Wireless Sensor Network. IEEE Conference on Sensors. Daegu,2007 Korea.

4. Ramanathan.P ECE-DEPT Pallavan College of Engineering, Pradip Manjrekar.PWireless Sensor Network for Continuous Monitoring a Patient’s Physiological Conditions Using ZigBee, Vol. 4, No. 5; September 2011.

5. Nitya, Pushpam, Maninder Kaur, An Advanced Wireless Sensor Network for Health

6. Monitoring, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 2, February 2013.

Received on 12.04.2015 Accepted on 20.05.2015

Int. J. Tech. 5(1): Jan.-June 2015; Page 50-56